Chiyambi: Njira yopangirazinthu zapulasitikimakamaka zikuphatikizapo njira zinayi zofunika: kupanga nkhungu, mankhwala pamwamba, kusindikiza, ndi kusonkhanitsa. Chithandizo chapamwamba ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yomangira ya zokutira ndikupereka maziko abwino opangira plating, njira yochizira isanachitike ndiyofunikira.
Kukonzekera kwapamwamba kwa zinthu zapulasitiki
Makamaka kuphatikiza mankhwala ❖ kuyanika ndi plating mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, mapulasitiki amakhala ndi crystallinity yayikulu, polarity yaying'ono kapena palibe polarity, komanso mphamvu zochepa zapamtunda, zomwe zimakhudza kumamatira kwa zokutira. Popeza pulasitiki ndi insulator yosakhala ndi conductive, silingapangidwe mwachindunji pamtunda wapulasitiki malinga ndi ndondomeko ya electroplating. Choncho, pamaso mankhwala pamwamba, pretreatment koyenera kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti apititse patsogolo kugwirizana mphamvu ❖ kuyanika ndi kupereka conductive pansi wosanjikiza ndi zabwino kugwirizana mphamvu plating.
Kukonzekera kwa zokutira
Pretreatment kumaphatikizapo degreasing pulasitiki pamwamba, mwachitsanzo kuyeretsa mafuta ndi kumasula wothandizila pamwamba, ndi activating pulasitiki pamwamba, kuti patsogolo adhesion wa ❖ kuyanika.
1. Kuchepetsa thupi
Kuchepetsa mafutazinthu zapulasitiki. Mofanana ndi kupukuta kwazitsulo, kupukuta kwa zinthu zapulasitiki kungathe kuchitidwa poyeretsa ndi zosungunulira za organic kapena kupukuta ndi madzi amchere amchere okhala ndi ma surfactants. Kupukuta ndi zosungunulira za organic ndikoyenera kuyeretsa parafini, phula, mafuta ndi zinyalala zina zapapulasitiki. Zosungunulira za organic zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito siziyenera kusungunuka, kutupa kapena kung'amba pulasitiki, ndipo zimakhala ndi malo otentha otsika, zimakhala zosasunthika, zopanda poizoni komanso zosapsa. Madzi amchere amchere ndi oyenera kutsitsa mapulasitiki osamva alkali. The njira lili caustic koloko, mchere mchere ndi surfactants zosiyanasiyana. Chowonjezera chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mndandanda wa OP, mwachitsanzo, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, yomwe sipanga thovu ndipo sichikhala pamwamba pa pulasitiki.
2, Kutsegula kwapamwamba
Kutsegula kumeneku ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a pulasitiki, ndiko kuti, kupanga magulu ena a polar pamtunda wa pulasitiki kapena kuwukwiyitsa kuti zokutira zitha kunyowetsedwa mosavuta komanso kudsorbed pamtunda wa workpiece. Pali njira zambiri zochizira pamwamba, monga makutidwe ndi okosijeni wamankhwala, okosijeni wamoto, kutsekemera kwa nthunzi yosungunulira ndi corona discharge oxidation. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi mankhwala a crystal oxidation, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito madzi a chromic acid, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi 4.5% potassium dichromate, 8.0% madzi, ndi 87.5% sulfuric acid (kuposa 96%).
Zinthu zina zamapulasitiki, monga polystyrene ndi mapulasitiki a ABS, zimatha kuphimbidwa mwachindunji popanda mankhwala otulutsa okosijeni. Pofuna kupeza zokutira zapamwamba, mankhwala oxidation mankhwala amagwiritsidwanso ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo degreasing, ABS pulasitiki akhoza anazikika ndi kuchepetsa chromic acid mankhwala madzi. Njira yake yothandizira ndi 420g/L chromic acid ndi 200ml/L sulfuric acid (enieni mphamvu yokoka 1.83). Njira yochiritsira yodziwika bwino ndi 65 ℃70 ℃/5min10min, kutsuka madzi, ndi kuyanika. Ubwino wa etching ndi chromic acid mankhwala amadzimadzi ndikuti ngakhale mawonekedwe apulasitiki ndi ovuta bwanji, amatha kuthandizidwa mofanana. Choyipa chake ndikuti ntchitoyo ndi yowopsa komanso pali zovuta zoipitsa.
Kukonzekera kwa zokutira
Cholinga cha pretreatment ❖ kuyanika ❖ kuyanika ndi kupititsa patsogolo ❖ kuyanika kwa zokutira pamwamba pulasitiki ndi kupanga conductive zitsulo pansi wosanjikiza pamwamba pulasitiki pamwamba. The pretreatment process makamaka imaphatikizapo: makina roughening, degreasing mankhwala, mankhwala roughening, sensitization chithandizo, kutsegula chithandizo, kuchepetsa mankhwala ndi plating mankhwala. Zinthu zitatu zoyambirira ndikuwongolera kumamatira kwa zokutira, ndipo zinthu zinayi zomaliza ndizopanga chitsulo chowongolera pansi.
1, Mawotchi roughening ndi mankhwala roughening
Kuwotcha kwamakina ndi mankhwala opangira roughening ndi kupangitsa kuti pulasitiki ikhale yolimba kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira zamakina ndi njira zamakina motsatana kuti muwonjezere malo olumikizana pakati pa zokutira ndi gawo lapansi. Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti mphamvu yolumikizana yomwe ingathe kukwaniritsidwa ndi kuwongoleredwa ndi makina ndi pafupifupi 10% yokha ya mphamvu yamankhwala.
2, Chemical degreasing
Njira yochepetsera mafuta yopangira zokutira pulasitiki pamwamba ndi yofanana ndi njira yochotsera mafuta popangira kale zokutira.
3, Kulimbikitsa
Sensitization ndi kutsatsa zinthu zina zophikidwa mosavuta ndi okosijeni, monga tin dichloride, titaniyamu trichloride, ndi zina zotero, pamwamba pa mapulasitiki okhala ndi mphamvu inayake yotsatsa. Izi adsorbed mosavuta oxidized zinthu ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni pa kutsegula mankhwala, ndi activator yasanduka catalytic crystal phata ndi kukhala pamwamba pa mankhwala. Ntchito yolimbikitsa ndikuyika maziko azitsulo zotsatiridwa ndi mankhwala.
4. Kutsegula
Kutsegula ndi kuchitira tcheru pamwamba mothandizidwa ndi njira yothetsera catalytically yogwira zitsulo mankhwala. Chofunikira chake ndikumiza mankhwala omwe adsorbed ndi chochepetsera mumtsuko wamadzi wokhala ndi okosijeni wa mchere wamtengo wapatali wachitsulo, kotero kuti ayoni achitsulo amtengo wapatali amachepetsedwa ndi S2 + n monga oxidant, ndipo chitsulo chamtengo wapatali chochepetsedwa chimayikidwa pa pamwamba pa mankhwala mu mawonekedwe a colloidal particles, amene ali amphamvu chothandizira ntchito. Pamene pamwamba ndi kumizidwa mu mankhwala plating njira, izi particles kukhala chothandizira malo, amene Iyamba Kuthamanga anachita mlingo wa mankhwala plating.
5, Kuchepetsa mankhwala
Asanayambe kuyika mankhwala, zinthu zomwe zidayatsidwa ndikutsukidwa ndi madzi oyera zimamizidwa mumtundu wina wamankhwala ochepetsera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka mankhwala kuti achepetse ndikuchotsa choyambitsa chosasambitsidwa. Izi zimatchedwa kuchepetsa mankhwala. Mukathiridwa mkuwa wamankhwala, yankho la formaldehyde limagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa, ndipo nickel yamankhwala ikayikidwa, sodium hypophosphite solution imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa.
6, Chemical plating
Cholinga cha plating mankhwala ndi kupanga conductive zitsulo filimu pamwamba pa zinthu pulasitiki kupanga zinthu electroplating zitsulo wosanjikiza wa mankhwala pulasitiki. Choncho, plating mankhwala ndi sitepe yofunika kwambiri mu pulasitiki electroplating.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-13-2024